Clarence Norris had left behind ten brothers and sisters in rural Georgia. (optional)
Each denied having ever touched Victoria Price or Ruby Bates.With Patterson's testimony over, many thought Leibowitz would rest his case.Ruby Bates had spent the months before the trial in hiding -- as far from the media glare, and the clutches of the prosecution and defense as she could get. How, asked Grover Hall, could the Scottsboro defendants be "half guilty and half innocent?" On the top of a campaign speech he had scrawled a note to himself: "Yea Shall Know the Truth and the Truth Shall Make you Free. Leibowitz had won fame and fortune by defending gangsters, kidnappers, rapists, corrupt cops, and jealous lovers. "Since the days of slavery and before, what was presumed to be the black man's insatiable sexual appetite for white women had struck fear in the hearts of Southern whites.In the early 1930's the incidents of lynchings in the South had spiked upward, tracking the economic misery of poor whites. In January 1937 Dr. G. C. Branche examined the Scottsboro defendants and reported that Powell (like Roberson) had an IQ of about 64 and a mental age of nine. They arrived in New York the next day. What did Ruby Bates do in the courthouse? But it aburptly dropped the charges against the other four: Olen Montgomery, Willie Roberson, Roy Wright and Eugene Williams.The four were spirited out of Alabama in July, 1937, after six years in jail. All the others were sentenced to die in the Alabama electric chair.The Scottsboro defendants, now convicted rapists, were taken to Kilby prison near Montgomery, the pride of the Alabama system.
But so too had the efforts of a small, but powerful faction opposed to lynching.With the Scottsboro trials, the anti-lynching forces hoped to prove that in Alabama the rule of law would prevail against the passions of the mobAs the trial began, Victoria Price took the stand and told a chilling story.Ruby Bates corroborated her friend's story in every detail, though she could not identify any of her attackers.Unable to get a lawyer in Scottsboro, the nine accused rapists were being represented by a Chattanooga real estate attorney hired with $60 scraped together by their parents.The defendants had just one twenty-minute meeting with their lawyer, during which he urged them to plead guilty.Now, the boys were the only witnesses called to testify in their own defense. In 1959, convinced that his wife was cheating on him, Roy shot and killed her, and then, with his Bible by his side, shot and killed himself.
Rate us After being brutally raped, why would Price show only minor scrapes and bruises to an examining doctor, and only traces of dead semen?
Though he survived, Powell was never the same.Patterson and Norris feuded constantly over gambling debts; Norris once stabbing Patterson with a prison shank.The boys' cells were separated by a thin door from Kilby's electric chair. Almost immediately after Judge Horton's decision the state announced that it would retry the Scottsboro prisoners.Once again, Patterson would go first, but this time Alabama authorities were taking no chances. By a vote of 7-2, they concluded that it had.Alabama authorities immediately resolved to retry, reconvict, and execute the nine defendants.In the early 1930's, the best-known criminal lawyer in America, after Clarence Darrow, was New York's Samuel L. Leibowitz. Ruby became flustered. Beside him, in an unmarked grave, lies his brother, Andy.Of all the Scottsboro defendants, only Clarence Norris made a life for himself in the North.He broke parole in 1946 and fled Alabama, making his way to New York. This is a fill in the blank worksheet for American Experience's Scottsboro An American Tragedy. (Enter your ZIP code for information on American Experience events and screening in your area.
A 1937 Life magazine story on the … Working deep into the night he poured over every word of the trial transcript.Why, he wondered, in the "rich cloud" of possible witnesses had none stepped forward to corroborate Price's story. Why would you think or feel this way?
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