He also defeated the Fulani of the Dendi region, which was then assimilated into the Empire. Today we immortalize them further through movies. He died while returning from a campaign against Fulani peoples who lived west of Songhai. During the first year of his reign he began a 7-year siege of the city of Djenné, which according to traditions had resisted 99 assaults by Mali. As such he commanded an elite cavalry, with which he was able to pacify the nomadic Tuareg to the north.
Although Songhai had once paid tribute to the rulers of According to the oral tradition, he is regarded as a great military commander who carried out a strategic campaign of conquest along the Niger River. The city was placed under siege, with the fleet blockading the port. By about 1467 he had added the Hombori to the south. Battles raged between his troops and his brothers, but he still emerged as the victor. The Islamic chroniclers have a different viewpoint.
Sonni Ali changed this system and grouped enslaved people into villages, each required to fulfill a common quota, with any surplus to be used by the village. He killed the rest of his brothers in Gao and ruled the empire until he, too, was killed in 1531. He was schooled in the traditional African arts of the region and was well versed in the forms and techniques of warfare when he came to power in 1464 in the small kingdom of Songhai, which was centered around its capital city of Gao on the Niger River. A year after Ali's death, Muhammad Ture staged a coup d'etat against Sonni Ali's son Sonni Baru and founded a new dynasty of Songhai rulers. Virtually any topic for the virtual learner. Yet, the line between fact and fiction often becomes blurred as we tell their tales over the years. He was the 15th consecutive ruler of the Sonni dynasty, which had begun in 1335.
He was overthrown by his son, Askia Musa, in 1528. Timbuktu had been held by the Tuareg since 1433, when they had taken it from Mali. Sonni Ali was considered the empire's most formidable military strategist and conqueror.
Those who were not killed in battle were driven into exile. One is in the Islamic chronicles of the period and the other is through Songhai Alistair Boddy-Evans is a teacher and African history scholar with more than 25 years of experience.Ancient Islamic Cities: Villages, Towns, and Capitals of IslamThe Kingdom of Mali and the Splendor of Medieval Africa
Askia Musas reign was off to a bad start when his own brothers rebelled against his rule. Sonni Ali was brought up as part of an exclusive ruling class, a warrior horseman.
Sonni Ali died in 1492 as he returned from a punitive expedition against the Fulani. How does one become a legend? Under Sunni Ali's infantry and cavalry many cities were captured and then fortified, such as Timbuktu (captured in 1468) and Djenné (captured in 1475). The cities were also part of the important trans-Saharan trade route system which brought south caravans of salt and copper, as well as goods from the Mediterranean coast. By 1476, Sonni Ali controlled the inland delta region of the Niger to the west of Timbuktu and the lakes region to the south. He remained attached to the traditional rites of his mother's birthplace, Sokoto.
Oral tradition claims he was poisoned by Muhammad Ture, one of his commanders. In the late 1460s, he conquered many of the Songhai's neighboring states, including what remained of the Mali Empire.Sunni Ali quickly established himself as the empire's most formidable military strategist and conqueror. When he died, 12 "tribes" of enslaved people were bequeathed to his son, at least three of which had been obtained when Sonni Ali initially conquered parts of the old Mali empire. Sonni Ali is remembered in Songhai oral tradition as a magician of great power. He built up a river-based navy of more than 400 boats and used them to good effect in his next conquest, the trading city of Jenne (now Djenné). Under the Mali Empire, enslaved individuals were each required to cultivate a measure of land and provide grain for the king. Songhai oral tradition records that he was the righteous ruler of a mighty empire that encompassed more than 2,000 miles (3,200 kilometers) along the Niger River. Askiya Muhammad Ture and his descendants were strict Muslims, who reinstated orthodox observance of Islam and outlawed traditional African religions. A 17th-century chronicle tells the tale of Sonni Ali's enslavement-based farms. Oral tradition claims he was poisoned by Muhammad Ture, one of his commanders. In the 16th century chronicle of Abd ar Rahmen as-Sadi, a historian based in Traditional African cults and the observance of Islam were combined, much to the annoyance of Muslim clerics in the cities. In later years, according to this historian, he is said to have turned on court favorites, ordering executions during temper tantrums. He was a man of the people rather than the elite ruling class of Muslim clerics and scholars. Sunni Ali. Although it took seven years for the siege to work, the city fell to Sonni Ali in 1473. Meanwhile he expanded further to the west, defeating the Dogon, and the Fulani of Bandiagara. On at least one occasion, a group of clerics and scholars at an important Muslim center were executed for treason.
His first major conquest occurred in the following year when the Muslim leaders of He died of natural causes in 1539 and was succeeded by another brother, Askia Ishaq I. Ishaqs reign also became … Regular patrols by his navy kept the trade routes open and tribute-paying kingdoms peaceful. Little is known about Sonni Ali's early life. Muhammad I Askia, West African statesman and military leader who usurped the throne of the Songhai empire (1493) and, in a series of conquests, greatly expanded the empire and strengthened it. Sonni Ali died in 1492 as he returned from a punitive expedition against the Fulani. With cavalry and navy, he repulsed several attacks by the Mossi to the south, including one major attack which reached all the way to the Walata region northwest of Timbuktu. The exceptional lives of individuals like Odysseus, Joan of Arc, and Abraham Lincoln were recorded in song and story. They portray Sonni Ali as a capricious and cruel leader. The Songhai Empire now incorporated three of the greatest trading cities on the Niger: Gao, Timbuktu, and Jenne. Like Songhai kings before him, Ali was a Muslim.
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